Sort by:
Filters:
In the last seven days, 87 new articles where published in 25 top journals in the field of pediatrics.
Major topics on this page:
Pediatrics | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 9
Beauchamp MH and Others
Last day on Trephine
The unconsolidated motor and cognitive skills that are typical of the early childhood period place infants, toddlers, and preschoolers at risk for a variety of traumatic injuries. Such injuries may include mild traumatic brain injury or concussion. Knowledge regarding the risk, diagnosis, outcomes, and management of early childhood concussion is limited, especially compared with what is known about concussion in school-age children, adolescents, and adults. This state-of-the-art review aims to provide current knowledge on the epidemiology, physical signs, behavior, and clinical outcomes associated with early childhood concussion. Research on this condition has been challenged by the need to adapt methods to the unique physical, behavioral, and developmental characteristics of young children. We provide information on observable symptoms associated with concussion, recommended approaches to care, and suggestions for overcoming barriers to research in this area. Developmentally appropriate efforts are needed to improve our ability to identify, evaluate, and treat early childhood concussion.
Archives of disease in childhood | Review | 2024 Oct 15
Cheung CR and Others
Abstract: In April 2024, the final report of the Cass Review, an independent review chaired by Dr Hilary Cass, was published, offering recommendations to improve gender identity services for children and young people in the UK. The core purpose of the Review was to improve care for children and adolescents. Commissioned by National Health Service England, the Review identified a weak evidence base for medical endocrine interventions and recommended that these treatments be provided within a structured research framework. The Review received widespread support from the clinical community. However, in July, the British Medical Association Council, without consulting its own members, unexpectedly passed a motion calling for a public critique of the Review, citing concerns over methodological weaknesses - a position it then softened following public criticism from members, concluding that their review would come instead from a position of neutrality.The original motion was based on two non-peer-reviewed online papers, prominently the work of McNamara -a paper which was written for a primarily litigious, rather than academic, purpose. We critically examine these sources and analyse the wider legal context in which they have been applied. We conclude that these sources misrepresent the Cass Review's role and process (specifically, by mistakenly comparing the Review to clinical practice guideline development), while many of the methodological criticisms directed at the Cass Review, including its use of evidence appraisal and systematic reviews conducted by York University, are unfounded.These misunderstandings, based on flawed and non-peer-reviewed analyses intended for legal (rather than clinical) purposes, jeopardise the implementation of crucial reforms in the care of gender dysphoric youth. The UK clinical community should move beyond these critiques and focus on the Cass Review's recommendations to establish a safer, more holistic and evidence-based service model for children and young people experiencing gender identity issues.
Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health | Review | 2024 Oct 9
Klinger D and Others
Last day on Trephine
BACKGROUND: Non-binary identities are increasingly recognized within the spectrum of gender diversity, yet there is a dearth of research exploring the mental health challenges specific to this population. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the mental health outcomes of non-binary youth in comparison to their transgender and cisgender peers.
Pediatric research | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 15
Mitev K and Others
BACKGROUND: Social and familial consequences of pacifier use remain poorly understood. The present study attempts to shed more light on the characteristics of parents using pacifiers with their infants and to explore how pacifier use affects perceptions of infant emotionality, maternal stress, and parental efficacy.
World journal of pediatrics : WJP | Review | 2024 Oct 12
Cai AJ and Others
CONCLUSIONS: Here, we summarize the relevant research and clinical advances in gene therapy for epilepsy and outline the challenges facing its clinical application. In addition to the shortcomings inherent in gene therapy components, the reconfiguration of excitatory and inhibitory properties in epilepsy treatment is a delicate process. On-demand, cell-autonomous treatments and multidisciplinary collaborations may be crucial in addressing these issues. Understanding gene therapy for epilepsy will help clinicians gain a clearer perception of the research progress and challenges, guiding the design of future clinical protocols and research decisions.
Pediatrics | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 10
Griffith DC and Others
The perinatal transmission of HIV is preventable through a regimen that includes testing of all pregnant individuals, antiretroviral treatment (ART) for the pregnant individual, prophylactic or preventative ART for the infant, and cesarean section delivery for mothers with HIV viremia at the time of delivery. Under this protocol, the United States has seen a significant decline in the perinatal transmission of HIV and achieved a perinatal HIV transmission rate of 0.9% in 2019. However, despite this progress nationally and after zero transmissions in 2021, Maryland recorded 6 cases of perinatal HIV diagnoses in 2022. Each of the 3 major referral centers for pediatric HIV patients in Maryland reported 2 new cases in 2022. A root cause analysis of the cases identified risk factors including delayed entry into perinatal and HIV care, premature birth, maternal adherence challenges in the setting of substance use and other adverse social determinants of health, and failure to diagnose maternal HIV infection in a timely way. All patients were successfully linked to care and initiated on ART. Multiple factors contributed to the 2022 increase in cases of perinatal HIV in Maryland. To achieve and then sustain the elimination of perinatal HIV transmission, the constancy of systems that eliminate barriers for all pregnant people to access testing, prevention, and treatment is critical.
Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 14
Amenah MA and Others
BACKGROUND: Adolescent mental health (AMH) is a critical issue worldwide, particularly in West Africa, where it is intensified by socio-economic, cultural, and security challenges. Insecurity and the presence of mining sites expose adolescents to hazardous environments, substance abuse, and adulterated alcohol, further aggravating their mental health. Despite these severe issues, research on AMH in this region remains limited. This study aims to analyze the provision of AMH services in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Niger, highlighting the unique challenges these countries face within the broader West African healthcare context.
Archives of disease in childhood | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 14
Phuong LK and Others
CONCLUSIONS: Complicated pneumonia is the most common IPD presentation. NVTs account for the majority of bacteraemia and meningitis episodes. High rates of ceftriaxone resistance for NVT 23B support the addition of vancomycin for empiric treatment of suspected meningitis.
Paediatric drugs | Review | 2024 Oct 9
Canciani G and Others
Last day on Trephine
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, inducing notable and durable clinical responses. However, for solid tumors, including but not limited to pediatric tumors, several peculiar biological features posed substantial challenges for achieving comparable results. Despite sound pre-clinical evidence of the ability of CAR T cells to eradicate solid malignancies, their activity remains suboptimal when facing the in vivo complexity of solid tumors, characterized by antigen heterogeneity, scarce T-cell infiltration, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Neuroblastoma was amongst the first tumors to be evaluated as a potential candidate for GD2-targeting CAR T cells, which recently documented promising results in high-risk, heavily pre-treated patients. Moreover, innovative engineering strategies for generating more potent and persistent CAR T cells suggest the possibility to reproduce, and potentially improve, these promising results on a larger scale. In the next years, harnessing the full therapeutic potential of CAR T cells and other immunotherapeutic strategies may open new possibilities for effectively treating the most aggressive forms of pediatric tumors.
Pediatric research | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 9
Homs C and Others
Last day on Trephine
BACKGROUND: Diet is considered a determinant of weight status, however, more evidence is needed for children. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the healthiest worldwide. This study analyzes the prospective association between adherence to the MedDiet at baseline and changes in standardized body mass index (zBMI) and the incidence of excessive weight.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | Letter | 2024 Oct 9
Schreiber J and Others
Last day on Trephine
A common theme for many of the reviews published in the Media Forum is a book, movie, TV show, or other media source that allows someone with a mental health diagnosis to tell their story. This can be an opportunity to better understand the day-to-day life and what that can feel like. It is a way to see the pain, struggles, and joy that come with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It is also an opportunity to reflect on the times that we made mistakes as a profession and how that impacted an individual or a group. There are many of these stories, and it might be hard to find what might be the best for you as a child and adolescent psychiatrist to read or watch. Hopefully, the Media Forum represents a source to find which ones fit your interest to better help you understand a patient experience or to help each of us to strive to be a better psychiatrist.
Italian journal of pediatrics | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 14
Abo Hola AS and Others
CONCLUSIONS: Despite limited research in pediatrics, MNSI and serum NSE are promising predictive tools for DPN in children and adolescents with T1DM, even when they are asymptomatic. Poor glycemic control and lipid profile changes may play a critical role in the development of DPN in these patients, despite conflicting results in various studies.
Italian journal of pediatrics | Letter | 2024 Oct 12
Ai J and Others
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a progressive and life-threatening disease characterized by persistent or recurrent EBV activation. It has been reported that, γδ T cells, a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte, play a critical role in restricting EBV. However, the functional status of γδ T cells in pediatric CAEBV patients has not yet been described. In this study, flow cytometry analysis was conducted to explore the cytokine production capacity of γδ T cells in CAEBV patients. A diminished frequency of γδ T cells and decreased expression of cytolytic molecule granzyme B were found in CAEBV patients, suggesting a dysfunction in the immune regulatory function of γδ T cells in this disease.
Seminars in perinatology | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 9
Schierholz E and Others
Last day on Trephine
The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) is the most used resuscitation algorithm for infants requiring resuscitation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The population of infants cared for in the NICU is varied and complex with resuscitation needs that may extend beyond the NRP algorithm. To provide resuscitation care that addresses these needs, institutions may choose to incorporate algorithms from the Pediatric Advanced Life Support or a "hybrid" approach that includes NRP. Limited evidence exists to support one algorithm or approach over another. In this article, we identify potential gaps in the application of using NRP or PALS in the NICU population, present select patient decompensations and discuss the resuscitation management approach using the NRP or PALS algorithms. Challenges associated with NICU resuscitation education will be explored as well as approaches to overcome some of the identified resuscitation education obstacles.
JAMA pediatrics | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 14
Kerem L and Others
IMPORTANCE: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1R) are increasingly being used for the treatment of obesity in adolescents. It is currently unknown whether GLP1R treatment is associated with suicidal ideation or attempts in this population.
Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 15
Walsh O and Others
CONCLUSIONS: Our data support male sex but not HMF use as a predisposition to MCO. Evidence of prior medical/surgical gut pathology may be a premonition for MCO; however, further research is required to confirm this.
Archives of disease in childhood | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 15
Charlesworth JEG
No abstract available
Pediatrics | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 11
Armstrong SC and Others
Pediatric obesity is a major public health problem, affecting nearly 20% of children and adolescents living in the United States. In 2023, the American Academy of Pediatrics released its first clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of child and adolescent obesity and recommended integrating health behavior and lifestyle interventions with pharmacological treatment when medically indicated. However, there is a limited evidence base to guide antiobesity medication treatment decisions in clinical practice and limited data on long-term safety during this critical period of growth and development in youth. Thus, in November of 2023, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases sponsored a workshop to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for research on the use of pharmacotherapy for obesity in children and adolescents. Leading scientific and clinical experts in obesity pathophysiology and treatment, pharmacotherapy, clinical trial design, and health equity and disparities, among others, identified gaps in clinical trial design, guidance for clinical use of medications in children and adolescents, additional treatment outcomes beyond body fat or weight, and improvement in care delivery. Adolescent patients and caregivers with lived experience of obesity and weight management were also invited to participate in a panel discussion, providing personal perspectives on living with obesity, clinical care considerations, and research needs. This article summarizes the workshop proceedings on the state of the science and identifies gaps and opportunities for future research to inform optimal and equitable medical management of children and adolescents with obesity.
Pediatrics | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 9
Campbell JI and Others
Last day on Trephine
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 1235 inpatient encounters ended in leaving AMA. Non-Hispanic Black patients had increased odds of leaving AMA. Leaving AMA was associated with increased odds of 14-day readmission.
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine | Journal Article | 2024 Oct 9
Holt MK and Others
Last day on Trephine
PURPOSE: Transgender and gender diverse youth (TGDY) can be a challenging population to reach because of limitations related to parental/guardian consent and concerns about privacy. This pilot study's purpose was to assess the feasibility of recruiting a US nation-wide longitudinal sample of TGDY through social media, and to compare participants who completed the Wave 1 survey only to TGDY who completed both Wave 1 and Wave 2 surveys.