Fertility and sterilityReview
14 Nov 2024
Understanding the potential risks associated with fertility treatments (FTs) can guide clinical decision and patient counseling.
To investigate the validity of the association between the development of female-specific malignancies including ovarian, endometrial, breast, and cervical cancer after FT.
A search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was performed from inception to April 2022 within several databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
The inclusion criteria required the incidence of each cancer subgroup to be stated in both the defined treatment group (controlled ovarian stimulation and/or in vitro fertilization [IVF] or intracytoplasmic sperm injection) and the control group (no-FT, general population). From 3,129 identified publications, 11 meta-analytical reviews consisting of 188 studies were selected for synthesis.
The primary outcome of interest was incidence of each subgroup of cancer in the "FT" group compared with the "no-FT" group.
A statistically significant increase in incidence of ovarian (1,229/430,611 in FT group vs. 27,358/4,263,300 in no-FT group) cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.45) and borderline ovarian tumors (117/414,729 in FT group vs. 934/2,626,324 in no-FT group) (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.18-2.97) was observed. The incidence of ovarian cancer was higher with FT and IVF specifically (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.07-2.54). For borderline ovarian tumors, the incidence was higher, not only with FT overall and IVF, but also according to the fertility drug regimen applied: clomiphene citrate (CC) only (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.02-3.87), human menopausal gonadotropin only (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.39-8.59), and CC and human menopausal gonadotropin combined (OR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.47-9.77). When using the threshold for statistical significance, the meta-analyses relevant to ovarian cancers remained statistically significant (random-effects method). However, none of the examined associations could claim either strong or highly suggestive evidence.
An observed association between ovarian cancer (including borderline ovarian tumors) and FT has been demonstrated. The association between FT and female-specific malignancy remains a contentious topic because there have been contradictory outcomes among meta-analyses. This umbrella review interrogates existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses on this topic and concludes that a statistically significant increase in the incidence of ovarian cancer and borderline ovarian tumors is associated with FT. These findings have a significant clinical impact because it helps to inform and provide effective counseling for patients undergoing FT.
Declaration of Interests S.S. has nothing to disclose. J.F.B. has nothing to disclose. L.S.K. has nothing to disclose. N. Galazis has nothing to disclose. B.N.D. has nothing to disclose. K.J.G. has nothing to disclose. T.B.-M. has nothing to disclose. B.P.J. has nothing to disclose. N. Getreu has nothing to disclose. M.C. has nothing to disclose. A.M. has nothing to disclose. M.A.-M. has nothing to disclose. J.B.-N. has nothing to disclose. J.R.S. has nothing to disclose. J.Y. has nothing to disclose. D.T. has nothing to disclose. T.B. has nothing to disclose. S.G.-M. has nothing to disclose. J.Y.V. has nothing to disclose.
Article info
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Doi:
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.09.023
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