Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTHJournal Article
17 Dec 2024
Growing evidence suggests that myocardial infarction (MI) may be a marker of cancer risk, but many aspects of this relation are poorly understood. We therefore examined the short- and long-term risk of incident cancer in patients presenting with MI.
Using nationwide population-based Danish health registries, we identified all patients with a first-time diagnosis of MI (1995-2021) and followed them for up to 28 years for any subsequent diagnosis of cancer. We computed risks and standardized incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the observed number of cancers relative to the expected number based on national cancer incidence rates by sex, age, and calendar year.
Among 185,065 patients diagnosed with MI, we observed 25,315 subsequent cancers. The risk of any cancer was 2.4% after 1 year of follow-up, increasing to 25.8% after 28 years, taking the competing risks of death into account. During the first year of follow-up, the standardized incidence ratio of any cancer was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.62-1.73). The standardized incidence ratio remained moderately elevated during 2-5 years (1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) and beyond 5 years (1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.09). The strongest associations were found for hematological as well as obesity- and smoking-related cancers during the first year of follow-up, whereas primarily the risk of smoking-related cancers remained elevated throughout the entire follow-up period.
MI was associated with subsequent risk of cancer, driven by hematological, obesity- and smoking-related cancers in the short term and smoking-related cancers in the long term.
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