The endothelium or mitochondrial level therapy: new frontiers in sepsis?

The host and microbes play complex roles in balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that cause sepsis.

It is now increasingly recognized as a disorder of the mitochondrial system intrinsically or as a consequence of microcirculatory abnormalities leading to hypoperfusion/hypoxia ("microcirculatory and mitochondrial distress syndrome").

It is expected that improvements in endothelium or mitochondrial level therapy will lower sepsis-related morbidity and mortality.

This article aimed to clarify the mitochondrial and microcirculation abnormalities in patients with sepsis and the futuristic research agenda for the management of sepsis.