How I perform diaphragmatic ultrasound in the intensive care unit.

COI Statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: GH received research grants and a senior clinical research fellowship from FWO Vlaanderen. LH received research grants from the European Respiratory Society and ZonMw, consulting fees from Liberate Medical (USA), speaker and travel fees from Mindray and AD received grant/contracts from the French Ministry of Health, Respinor, Lungpacer, Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, consulting fees from Respinor, Lungpacer, Tribunal administrative de Cergy, Liberate Medical, Philips, SATT Lutech, payment/honoraria from Fisher & Paykel, Astra, Mindray.

References:

• Dres M, Goligher EC, Heunks LMA, Brochard LJ (2017) Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness. Intensive Care Med 43(10):1441–1452
• Dres M, Dube BP, Mayaux J et al (2017) Coexistence and impact of limb muscle and diaphragm weakness at time of liberation from mechanical ventilation in medical intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195(1):57–66
• Haaksma ME, Smit JM, Boussuges A et al (2022) EXpert consensus On Diaphragm UltraSonography in the critically ill (EXODUS): a Delphi consensus statement on the measurement of diaphragm ultrasound-derived parameters in a critical care setting. Crit Care 26(1):99
• Tuinman PR, Jonkman AH, Dres M, et al. Respiratory muscle ultrasonography: methodology, basic and advanced principles and clinical applications in ICU and ED patients—a narrative review. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(4):594–605.
• Goligher EC, Laghi F, Detsky ME et al (2015) Measuring diaphragm thickness with ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients: feasibility, reproducibility and validity. Intensive Care Med 41(4):642–649