Does the clinical picture of bipolar disorder in the pediatric population depend on sex?

Background

In the current literature the influence of sex on the clinical presentation of the bipolar disorder (BD) in adults has been indicated. It was of the interest whether such a phenomenon is also present in the pediatric population.

Methods

The authors collected retrospective clinical data in 288 patients hospitalized on the psychiatry ward aged 10-17 years; 80.2 % females and 19.8 % males.

Results

No sex differences were observed in the age of onset, the time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of BD, the number of symptoms during hospital stay, or family history of psychiatric disorder (U Mann-Whitney's p > 0.05). In males the most frequently recorded first episode of BD was mania or hypomania (51 %), and in females, a depressive episode (51 %). The main reason for the hospitalization in boys was episodes of mania (63 %), then mixed episodes (30 %), and depression (7 %). Whereas girls were most often hospitalized due to mixed episodes (52 %), less frequently depression (22 %), and mania (26 %). Co-morbid psychiatric disorders were found more often in boys than in girls (63 % vs 45 %; χp-value>0.05). The co-occurrence of the dissocial personality, borderline, tic disorders, pervasive developmental disorders and hyperkinetic disorders was different in both sexes.